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991.
992.
Social roles, human capital, and the intrahousehold division of labor: evidence from Pakistan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Using detailed data from rural Pakistan, this paper investigateswhether human capital, learning-by-doing, gender, and familystatus affect the division of labor within households. Resultssuggest the presence of returns to individual specializationin all farm, non-farm, and home based activities. The intrahouseholddivision of labor is influenced by comparative advantage basedon human capital and by long-lasting returns to learning-by-doing,but we also find evidence of a separate effect of gender andfamily status. Households seem to operate as hierarchies withsexually segregated spheres of activity. The head of householdand his or her spouse provide most of the labor within theirrespective spheres of influence; other members work less. Whenpresent in the household, daughters-in-law work systematicallyharder than daughters of comparable age, height, and education.Other findings of interest are that there are increasing returnsto scale in most household chores, that larger households workmore off farm, and that better educated individuals enjoy moreleisure. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
Powell DR 《Employee benefits journal》2002,27(1):24-27
Offering employees self-care information, which encourages them to decide what to do for themselves with and without provider assistance, can be a low-cost, effective approach to health care cost management. Components of such a program may include a printed self-care guide, workshops, software and a nurse advice line. Self-care is a process, not an event and, to be effective, a self-care program needs to be reinforced by ongoing communication. 相似文献
996.
997.
MacKenzie R 《Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2001,33(1):106-109
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a valuable screening tool for increased risk in underwriting life insurance applicants. This article discusses a recently described ECG pattern associated with a high risk of sudden unexpected death. 相似文献
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999.
Titcomb C Braun R Roudebush B Mast J Woodman H;Mortality Morbidity Liaison Committee of the Society of Actuaries American Academy of Insurance Medicine Academy of Life Underwriting 《Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2001,33(3):277-289
Evaluation of applicants for life insurance who have elevations of their liver function tests or an increased probability of alcohol abuse has always been difficult for underwriters. This paper reports the results of an intercompany study in which the pooled mortality experience of a group of insureds with evidence of alcohol abuse, an adverse driving record or elevations of the liver transaminases or gamma-glutamyl transferase is summarized. 相似文献
1000.
Iacovino JR 《Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2001,33(3):222-226
Ischemia on an exercise test (ET) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. However, the magnitude of risk of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on ET is often overlooked. This analysis reveals that the quantitative additional mortality risk on ET presented by frequent PVCs is similar to ischemia. 相似文献